【WebGL之巅】16-颜色与纹理-绘制三个不同颜色的顶点

By yesmore on 2021-07-29
阅读时间 4 分钟
文章共 745
阅读量

对应《WebGL编程指南》代码:18-MultiAttributeColor

要点:绘制三个不同color的点、交错组织

知识点

一、varying变量
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
var VSHADER_SOURCE =
'attribute vec4 a_Position;\n' +
'attribute vec4 a_Color;\n' +
'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' + // 先在顶点着色器声明
'void main() {\n' +
'gl_Position = a_Position;\n' +
'gl_PointSize = 10.0;\n' +
'v_Color = a_Color;\n' +
'}\n';

var FSHADER_SOURCE=
'precision mediump float;\n' +//!!! 需要声明浮点数精度,否则报错No precision specified for (float)
'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' + // 再片元着色器接收同名变量
'void main(){\n'+
'gl_FragColor = v_Color;\n'+
'}\n';

该程序使用了一个varying变量将颜色传入片元着色器,因为:

​ uniform变量:“一致的”,所有顶点都是同一个颜色;

​ varying变量:“可变的”

varying变量作用:从顶点着色器向片元着色器传输数据。

实例

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>MultiAttributeColor</title>
</head>
<body onload="main()">
<canvas id="webgl" width="400" height="400">
Please use the browser supporting "canvas".
</canvas>

<script src="../lib/webgl-utils.js"></script>
<script src="../lib/webgl-debug.js"></script>
<script src="../lib/cuon-utils.js"></script>
<script src="../lib/cuon-matrix.js"></script>
<script src="MultiAttributeColor.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
//MultiAttributeColor.js
var VSHADER_SOURCE =
'attribute vec4 a_Position;\n' +
'attribute vec4 a_Color;\n' +
'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' +
'void main() {\n' +
'gl_Position = a_Position;\n' +
'gl_PointSize = 10.0;\n' +
'v_Color = a_Color;\n' +
'}\n';

var FSHADER_SOURCE=
'precision mediump float;\n' +//!!! 需要声明浮点数精度,否则报错No precision specified for (float)
'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' +
'void main(){\n'+
'gl_FragColor = v_Color;\n'+
'}\n';

function main() {

var canvas = document.getElementById("webgl");
if (!canvas) {
console.log("Failed to retrieve the <canvas> element");
return;
}

var gl = getWebGLContext(canvas);
if (!gl) {
console.log("Failed to get the rendering context for WebGL");
return;
}

if (!initShaders(gl, VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE)) {
console.log("Failed to initialize shaders.");
return;
}

//设置顶点位置
var n = initVertexBuffers(gl);
if (n < 0) {
console.log('Failed to set the positions of the vertices');
return;
}

//指定清空<canvas>颜色
gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

//清空<canvas>
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, 0, n);
}

function initVertexBuffers(gl) {
var verticesColors = new Float32Array(
[0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
0.5, -0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
);
var n=3; //点的个数


//创建缓冲区对象
var verteColorBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
//将缓冲区对象保存到目标上
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, verteColorBuffer);
//向缓存对象写入数据
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, verticesColors, gl.STATIC_DRAW);

var FSIZE = verticesColors.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;

var a_Position = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, 'a_Position');

//将缓冲区对象分配给a_Postion变量
gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_Position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, FSIZE*5, 0);
//连接a_Postion变量与分配给它的缓冲区对象
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_Position);

var a_Color = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, 'a_Color');

gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_Color, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, FSIZE*5, FSIZE*2);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_Color);

return n;
}

效果

1


Tips: Please indicate the source and original author when reprinting or quoting this article.